Pagayawan (formerly Tatarikan) is a 5th class municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 9,757 people in 1,311 households.
When Maradia Decabolodan, son of Ameladin Macapundeg of Western Unayan from Potre Daragat, the daughter of Sharif Ali Kabunsuan married Potre Ginambae of Balabagan lived in the place, he called it Tatarikin. The word Tatariken was taken from the root word Tarik (Rooster fighting Arena) or Talik in Maguindanao dialect. This is how the word emerged, Talik is one of the Sultanate of Suguda Buayan but under the territorial jurisdiction of the Sultanate of Maguindanao and the Sultan at the time was Sultan Mangurun. Sultan Mangurun beggot Potre Baladia and was married by Datu Balbal Mudag of Balabagan and beggot Potre Ginabae of Balabagan, the wife Maradia Decabolodan. The latter Datu beggot Datu Borowa of Western Unayan, who married Potre Ogkho, the daughter of Dimaalip from Potre Donya, the daughter of Rajah Serungan of Buayan Sultanate. Potre Ogkho beggot Datu Mbarong, who married Paramata Nayo, the daughter of Anta sa TBok and beggot Datu Arobero. In order that the root of their ancestors will not be forgotten, Datu Maradia Decabolodan called their settlement, "TATARIKUN". Datu Arobero was hired by Sultan Anwaroddin Kawasa of Maguindanao to solve and eradicate the appearance of some feared seven (7) Karabaos (gene) in Kakar River because they are killing people. When the biggest Karabao, whose horns are partly colored golden yellow was tied and held by Datu Arobero, two RAINBOW (PAGAYAO in Maranao dialect) in the form of horns appeared on the two Shoulders of Datu Arobero. When Sultan Kawasa saw the Rainbow, he sent 40 men to escort Datu Arobero way back home to Tatariken in a Royal Carriage brought by men. Sultan Anwarodin Kawasa of Maguindanao followed him in Tatariken later and proclaimed Datu Arobero as Sultan of Pagayawan and required them to rename Western Unayan, the territorial jurisdiction of his grand father, as Sultanate of Pagayawan. Sultan Arobero became the first Sultan in the whole Lanao area or the Pata Phangampongo Ranao.
After the death of Sultan Arobero, several Sultans succeeded him but are all self-proclaimed because there were no confirmation of the Sultan of Maguindanao. It was only during the proclamation of the present Sultan, Sultan Mohamad Fahad Alonto B. Santican, that the present Sultan, Sultan Abdulazis Guiawan Mastura Kudarat IV of Sultanate of Maguindanao "Mandanaue Darussalam", attended and confirmed the proclamation because of rightful genealogical Royalties possessed by Sultan Santican.
Pagayawan is politically subdivided into 18 barangays.
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